Application of body composition zones in boys with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

PURPOSE: Screening nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by body mass index (BMI) as a single surrogate measure for obesity has limitations. We suggest considering body composition zones by drawing a body composition chart composed of body composition indices, including BMI and percent body fat (PBF), to visualize the risk of NAFLD in obese children and adolescents.METHODS: Thirty-eight boys diagnosed with NAFLD were selected retrospectively from patients who visited Konkuk University Medical Center from 2006 to 2015. They had gone through body composition analysis by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and biochemical analyses, including a liver function test (LFT) and lipid panel, were performed. Fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were calculated from body composition analysis and height. We plotted FFMI and FMI of patients on a body composition chart and classified the patients into zones A to D. In addition, we analyzed the correlations between LFT, lipid panel, and body composition indices.RESULTS: Thirty-three of 38 boys (86.8%) were located in zone C, corresponding to high BMI and PBF. Four boys (10.5%) were located in zone D, which correlates with sarcopenic obesity. One boy located in zone B was a muscular adolescent. Alanine aminotransferase level was positively correlated with PBF, FMI, and BMI z-score.CONCLUSION: Body composition zones on a body composition chart might be useful in risk assessment in obesity-related diseases such as NAFLD. Zones on a body composition chart could have practical applications, especially in sarcopenic obese children and adolescents.

Mothers' Working Hours and Children's Obesity: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2010

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to find the association between mothers' working hours and obesity of their children according to children's age and gender. METHODS: This study used data from the second and third year of KNHANES IV and the first year in KNHANES V (2008-2010). We calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by using survey logistic regression to assess association of mother's working hours with overweight or obesity of her children. The model was adjusted with household income, mothers' education and obesity and mothers' job characteristics. RESULTS: 13-18 aged boys whose mothers worked under 40 hours per week were higher risk for obesity and overweight (including obesity) than 13-18 aged boys whose mothers worked 40-48 hours. 6-12 aged girls whose mothers worked 49-60 hours per week were more overweight (including obesity) than girls whose mothers worked 40-48 hours per week. 13-18 aged girls whose mothers worked over 60 hours were more overweight (including obesity) than the reference. CONCLUSION: This study showed that girls' obesity was associated with mothers' long working hours. Long working hours can influence health of workers' family.

Obesidad: ¿es una realidad en Venezuela?: epidemiología: pandemia del siglo XXI / Obesity: ¿is it a reality in Venezuela?: epidemiology:ç

La obesidad es una de las afeccines metabólicas más frecuentes en la actualidad. Más de mil millones de personas padecen obesidad o sobrepeso en todo el mundo. Además de las acumulación adiposa, su elevada morbi-mortalidad la convierten en uno de los principales problemas de salud a los que enfrenta la sociedad actual. Se estudia la obesidad, su definición. clasificación y el síndrome metabólco. En Venezuela se han publicado cuatro estudios de prevalencia del síndrome metabólico: Estado Zulia (2001), Gran Caracas, incluyendo los Estados Miranday Vargas (2006), Estado Lara (2007) y Estado Mérida (2007). El Estado Zulia tiene el mayor número de sujetos estudiados, 3.018, con cuatro grupos étnicos diferentes, seguidos de Caracas con 658, Lara y Mérida con 339 y 118 respectivamente. La participación de hombres siempre fue menor en todas las investigaciones. En el Estado Zulia se usó el estudio ATP III (2001), mientras que en las otras se utilizó el modificado de 2005 y el de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Los hallazgos arrojan unas cifras globales de promedio de 33,7% con LC 95% entre 32,3%-35,2% para adultos. Se encontraron diferencias importantes entre grupos de edad y sexo. En Venezuela, en el Estado Vargas (nivel del mar), en casi 2.500 madres, el sobrepeso alcanzó 31,4% y la obesidad 16,6%, aumentando con la edad; para los 30 años el sobrepeso llegó al 34,1% y la obesidad a 23,4% y los hijos de madres obesas, mostraron un sobre peso en todas las edades de un 23% a 35%. En el Área Metropolitana de Caracas (1000 m sobre nivel del mar), en las mujeres, el sobre-peso alcanzó 31% y la obesidad 14,6%. Los hombres presentaron un 40% de sobrepeso y 6,2% de obesidad aumentando con la edad. Con respecto a la obesidad en los niños y adolescentes en un total de 17.791 entre 7 y 14 años con sobre peso evaluados, se encontró 19,31% por encima del percentil 90. En el Distrito Capital a 23,26% que fue el valor más alto...

Obesity is one of the common metabolic diseases today. More than one billion people suffer from obesity or overweight worldwide. In addition to the fat accumulation, the high morbidity and mortality make it one of the major health problems facing the society. Obesity are studied. Their definition, classification and the metabolic syndrome. Venezuela has published four studies on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome: state of Zulia (2001). Greater Caracas, including the states of Miranda and Vargas (2006). Lara State (2007) and Mérida (2007). Zulia state has the larges number of subjects studied, 3018. with four different ethnic groups, followed by Caracas with 658, Lara and Mérida with 339 and 118 respectively. The participation of men was always lower in all investigation. In Zulia state will use the ATP III study (2001), while in the other used the modified 2005 and the International Diabetes Federation version was used. The overall prevalence was 33.7% with 95% confidence limits (CL) 32.3% to 35.2% for adults. Important differences were found between age groups and sex. In Venezuela, in Vargas (sea level) in almost 2.500 mothers reached 31.4% overweight and obesity 16.6%, increasing with age, to 30 years., reached a 34.1% overweight and obesity and 23.4% and obese mothers showed an overweight in all age groups from 23% to 35%. In the metropolitan area of Caracas (1000 ms above sea level), in women, overweight reached 31% and obesity 14.6%. In men they had 40.6% of overweight and obesity 6.2% respectively, increasing age. With respect to obesity in children and adolescent in a total of 17.791 between 7 and 14 years evaluated overweight. 19.31% were found above the 90th percentile. In the Capital District amounted to 23.26% which was the highest value. Et the end of the paper we focus on the treatment of obesity and morbid obesity

Evaluation of School-based Obesity Prevention and Management Program in Korean Children

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity are major health concern impacting on short and long-term health. Prevention programs for obesity through school channel are essential. With the increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight among children and adolescence since 1990's, obesity prevention and management have been pursued in Korea. Schools, where students spend much of their daytime, are in a unique position to play a pivotal role in performing obesity prevention and management programs. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of school-based interventions designed to prevent or manage obesity among elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea. METHODS: Electronic database were searched using the following key words; obesity, obesity prevention, obesity prevention program, child, adolescence, and effectiveness. In this systematic review, school-based programs were evaluated with the assessment items. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in the study. Most programs include at least one of the following components: dietary changes, physical activity, behavioral modifications, and parental participation. Studies that involved multidisciplinary measures including dietary education, increased physical activity, parental involvement and behavioral modification and studies focused on increased physical activity among subjects showed positive results. But the majority of studies were short-term and secondary prevention among children, not adolescents, not randomized, and without control. Few studies used validated questionnaires and process evaluation. CONCLUSION: The development and application of evidence-based and feasible strategies in support of communities and families to the school-centered obesity prevention program are needed in the near future.

Evaluation of Web Sites on Treatment of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and problems of Web sites for management of childhood and adolescent obesity. METHODS: We evaluated 203 Web sites identified from the search engine, Korean Yahoo, using the word of 'childhood and adolescent obesity'. 203 Web sites were classified according to medical institutions, health information Web sites, beauty shops. etc. We surveyed whether childhood and adolescent obesity distinguished with adult obesity was considered, or not. and researched the unique managements of childhood and adolescent obesity including the cardinal treatment. RESULTS: Of the 203 Web sites, 157(77.3%) provided detailed information about treatment of obesity, 46(22.7%) provided only simple information about one. The sites providing detailed information were composed of 52.2% of oriental medicine clinics, 35.0% of clinic and hospitals including pediatric hospitals. Distribution of the sites about management of childhood and adolescent obesity distinguished with adult's one was only 23% of oriental medicine clinics, but 93% of childrens hospitals. CONCLUSION: Without considering the speciality of childhood obesity, inaccurate information are distributing on internet web sites. It is necessary for concern and development of advertizing system on the internet distributing accurate information about treatment of childhood obesity.

Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance among Children and Adolescents with Obesity / 대한소아내분비학회지

Pupose:Recently childhood obesity is increasing and has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) among children and adolescents. We evaluated insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in 48 obese children and adolescents. METHODS:All subjects underwent a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test(1.75 g of glucose per kg of body weight) and then glucose and insulin levels were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment, and betacell function was estimated by calculating the ratio between the changes in the insulin level and glucose level during the first 30 minutes after the ingestion of glucose. RESULTS:IGT was detected in 4.2% of the 24 obese children(4-10 years of age) and 20.8% of the 24 obese adolescents(11 to 18 years of age). Type 2 DM was identified in 8.3% in children and 29.2% in adolescent obesity. Insulin levels were markedly elevated after the glucose tolerance test in subjects with IGT but a little decreased in cases with DM. Those changes of insulin levels were not significant statistically. The insulinogenic index was decreased in IGT and DM group of childhood and adolescent obesity compared to normal glucose tolerance(NGT) but it was not significant statistically. Insulin resistance, which was evaluated with fasting insulin, QUICKI and HOMA-IR, was increased in childhood obesity compared with adolescent obesity and the HOMA-IR of adolescent IGT group was significantly higher compared with NGT group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IGT is highly prevalent among children and adolescents with obesity. IGT was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, while beta-cell function was still relatively preserved. Overt type 2 diabetes was linked to insulin resistance and to beta cell failure.

Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance among Children and Adolescents with Obesity / 대한소아내분비학회지

Pupose:Recently childhood obesity is increasing and has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) among children and adolescents. We evaluated insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in 48 obese children and adolescents. METHODS:All subjects underwent a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test(1.75 g of glucose per kg of body weight) and then glucose and insulin levels were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment, and betacell function was estimated by calculating the ratio between the changes in the insulin level and glucose level during the first 30 minutes after the ingestion of glucose. RESULTS:IGT was detected in 4.2% of the 24 obese children(4-10 years of age) and 20.8% of the 24 obese adolescents(11 to 18 years of age). Type 2 DM was identified in 8.3% in children and 29.2% in adolescent obesity. Insulin levels were markedly elevated after the glucose tolerance test in subjects with IGT but a little decreased in cases with DM. Those changes of insulin levels were not significant statistically. The insulinogenic index was decreased in IGT and DM group of childhood and adolescent obesity compared to normal glucose tolerance(NGT) but it was not significant statistically. Insulin resistance, which was evaluated with fasting insulin, QUICKI and HOMA-IR, was increased in childhood obesity compared with adolescent obesity and the HOMA-IR of adolescent IGT group was significantly higher compared with NGT group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IGT is highly prevalent among children and adolescents with obesity. IGT was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, while beta-cell function was still relatively preserved. Overt type 2 diabetes was linked to insulin resistance and to beta cell failure.

Factors influencing weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents / 예방의학회지

This study was undertaken to explain weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents as measured by the elements of the health belief model. A total of 732 obese students from 28 schools in Seoul metropolitan area and their mothers were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The analyzed results are as follows; l. Among obese students, 45.3% of male students and 57.2% of female students, a significantly higher portion than male students, reported that they had tried to lose weight within the recent year. Exercise was the most frequently used method to lose weight followed by diet control, drug use, and specialized clinic visits, in descending order. 2. Male students were more likely to try to lose weight if they perceived a low threat level and their mother had a job, and female students were more likely to try to lose weight if they were younger in age, perceived a low threat level and had strong external motivating factors. 3. Female students showed a significantly higher level of intention to obesity control than male students, and the intention level of their mothers also showed the same trend. 4. In male students, the degree of weight dissatisfaction, weight control experience, the level of obesity related beliefs of students, the educational level of the mother and economic status of the family were significant predictors of intention to obesity control, and in females, age, the level of obesity related beliefs of students and intention of their mothers were significant. In the mothers of male students, obesity index of students, age of the mother and the level of obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant predictors of intention of the mother, and in the mothers of female students, obesity index of students, occupational status of the mother and obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant. 5. According to the path model of intention to obesity control, the degree of weight dissatisfaction had the most powerful effect in male students, and perceived net benefit level was the most important variable in female students. Since the weight control behavior and intention of obese students were more predictable by the degree of weight dissatisfaction than the obesity index, we can conclude that only the students dissatisfied with their weight are well motivated for obesity control. There can be a discrepancy between the mother and her child's beliefs and intention status(especially in male students), so the therapists should also assess the student's opinion as well as the mother's. In female students, the perceived net benefit level was the most important predictor of intention to obesity control, therefore the intervention program should pay particular attention to the positive benefits of weight control rather than negative aspects(threats) of obesity.